紫薇栽培管理技术

指出了紫薇作为城乡绿化的重要树种，适宜于庭院、园路两侧、池畔河边栽植。结合栽培管理实践，系统地总结了紫薇树的育苗、修剪和病虫害防治技术。     

日本矮紫薇花芽形态分化的研究

日本矮紫薇花芽由中上部侧枝和主枝顶芽发育而成,花芽分化从4月末开始至5月末结束,历时30d,包括花序分化和小花分化两个过程,分为形态分化前、开始分化期、花序原基分化期、花蕾分化期、小花花萼分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期8个时期,花序和小花分化的顺序分别是离心和向心的.花芽分化与春梢生长有一定的相关性.     

紫薇的文化意蕴及园林应用

基于紫薇在我国悠久的栽培历史的基础上,阐述了紫薇文化的表现和内涵,分析了其观赏特性及园林应用方式.     

Projecting the suitability of global and local habitats for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) using model consensus

Myrtle rust (caused by Austropuccinia psidii) affects more than 500 known host species in the Myrtaceae family. Three different modelling approaches (CLIMEX, MaxEnt and Multi-Model Framework) were used to project the habitat suitability for myrtle rust at both global and local scales. Current data on the global occurrence of myrtle rust were collected from online literature and expert solicitation. Long-term averages of climate data (1960–1990) were sourced from WorldClim and CliMond websites. Recent reports of myrtle rust in New Zealand were used for validation of model outputs but not in model training and testing. The model outputs were combined into a consensus model to identify localities projected to be suitable for myrtle rust according to two or three models (hotspots). In addition to the locations where the pathogen is currently present, all models successfully projected independent occurrence data in New Zealand suitable for establishment of the pathogen. Climate suitability for the pathogen was primarily related to temperature followed by rainfall in MaxEnt and the CLIMEX model. The results confirmed the optimum temperature range of this pathogen in the literature (15–25 °C). Additional analysis of the precipitation variables indicated that excessive rain (more than 2000 mm in warmest quarter of the year) combined with high temperatures (>30 °C) constrain pathogen establishment. The results of the current study can be useful for countries such as New Zealand, China, South Africa and Singapore where the pathogen has not fully spread or established.     

紫薇花器官发育调控基因LiFUL1的分离与表达分析

紫薇湘韵具有只开花不结实的特性,表现为花药不开裂、花粉败育、胚珠发育异常。紫薇红叶为普通紫薇,可正常开花结实。以紫薇湘韵为试验材料,采用RT-PCR方法,从花芽中分离得到1个FRUITFULL(FUL)同源基因,命名为LiFUL1(GenBank登录号为MN894547)。序列分析结果表明,其cDNA开放阅读框长度为753 bp,编码251个氨基酸,分子质量为28.453 13 ku。序列比对和保守结构域分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因编码蛋白具有典型的MADS-MEF2和K-box 结构域,C末端含有一个保守性高的基序euFUL MOTIF,因此,LiFUL1属于MADS家族的FUL/AP1亚家族。进化分析表明,紫薇的LiFUL1基因编码的蛋白氨基酸序列与木本植物蓝桉的FUL/AP1氨基酸序列亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因在紫薇湘韵花器官分化阶段的花萼分化时期、花瓣与雄蕊分化时期、雄蕊与雌蕊分化时期的表达量显著高于紫薇红叶。另外,利用原核表达系统在大肠埃希菌中成功表达了LiFUL1蛋白,为进一步研究LiFUL1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

Evidence that Austropuccinia psidii may complete its sexual life cycle on Myrtaceae

The rust fungus Austropuccinia psidii has spread globally and naturalized in areas with naïve species of Myrtaceae. Previous studies have revealed multiple strains of A. psidii within South America and two strains outside of its native range. The rust spreads by windborne mitotic urediniospores, which are the dominant spore stage. Teliospores and basidiospores of A. psidii are also formed; however, the biological role of these stages in the life cycle is unknown. Experiments presented here tested whether basidiospores of A. psidii could infect Syzygium jambos. The sori produced by infection with basidiospores were screened with five microsatellite markers to confirm whether they were a product of recombination. The findings showed that basidiospores of A. psidii could cause infection on species of Myrtaceae and the resulting sori were a product of recombination. This has important implications for programmes that breed for resistance to this aggressive pathogen in commercial eucalypt forestry.     

Puccinia psidii in Queensland,Australia: disease symptoms,distribution and impact

Puccinia psidii has long been considered a significant threat to Australian plant industries and ecosystems. In April 2010, P. psidii was detected for the first time in Australia on the central coast of New South Wales (NSW). The fungus spread rapidly along the east coast and in December 2010 was found in Queensland (Qld) followed by Victoria a year later. Puccinia psidii was initially restricted to the southeastern part of Qld but spread as far north as Mossman. In Qld, 48 species of Myrtaceae are considered highly or extremely susceptible to the disease. The impact of P. psidii on individual trees and shrubs has ranged from minor leaf spots, foliage, stem and branch dieback to reduced fecundity. Tree death, as a result of repeated infection, has been recorded for Rhodomyrtus psidioides. Rust infection has also been recorded on flower buds, flowers and fruits of 28 host species. Morphological and molecular characteristics were used to confirm the identification of P. psidii from a range of Myrtaceae in Qld and compared with isolates from NSW and overseas. A reconstructed phylogeny based on the LSU and SSU regions of rDNA did not resolve the familial placement of P. psidii, but indicated that it does not belong to the Pucciniaceae. Uredo rangelii was found to be con‐specific with all isolates of P. psidii in morphology, ITS and LSU sequence data, and host range.     

不同浓度的ABT·GGR和NNA对矮化紫薇扦插生根的影响

[目的]为矮化紫薇的快速繁殖提供参考。[方法]以矮化紫薇插条为试材,将ABT、GGR、NAA分别配置成50、80、100、150、200mg／L5种不同浓度的溶液,对矮化紫薇插条基部进行处理,同时以清水作为对照,在扦插后第21、23、25、28天观察矮化紫薇的生根率和根长。[结果]ABT、GGR、NAA均能提高插条紫薇的生根率和根长,并促进根系和苗的生长。[结论]ABT、NAA的浓度均为100mg／L时,处理效果较好;而GGR为150mg／L的处理效果最好。     

Impact of Austropuccinia psidii in New Caledonia,a biodiversity hotspot

Myrtle rust, caused by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii, infects a wide range of host species within the Myrtaceae family worldwide. Since its first report in 2013 from New Caledonia, the extent of the host range, geographical distribution and genetic diversity of A. psidii in this territory have been unknown. This study reports 67 new host species distributed in 13 different Myrtaceae genera, including five new genera. The pathogen was found in various types of plant communities, where Myrtaceae species are the dominant or codominant species, as well as in several nurseries. It is now considered a significant threat to the biodiversity of ecosystems and the Myrtaceae‐related economy. A 3‐year disease monitoring trial with 35 cultivated Myrtaceae species showed variations in disease severity at the species and individual scales. This suggests that some level of genetic resistance to myrtle rust may possibly exist among the endemic Myrtaceae of New Caledonia. A population genetic investigation revealed that only one single genotype of A. psidii occurs across its entire host range in New Caledonia. Therefore, it is essential to carry out population genetic surveillance to identify the appearance of mutations or the introduction of potentially more virulent genotypes of A. psidii. The outcomes from this study will assist with the ongoing management of the disease in New Caledonia.     

南昌地区紫薇害虫种类调查及其主要害虫防治

调查了南昌地区紫薇１５种害虫，其中大陆新纪录１种，江西新记录２种，及其为害情况，提出了主要害虫防治措施